Writing Book 7 · Lesson 21
Using sources — meet the words
Where a claim came from is part of the claim, not an addition to it.
The words
as stated in
as written in
a secondary source
not the original
paraphrase
say it your own way
quote directly
use exact words
a reference list
the list of sources
plagiarism
using work as your own
evidence suggests
the proof points to
Watch how it is built
1according to means about the same as as X says.
According to Ali (2019), rainfall rose.
2cite means about the same as name your source.
Cite the article you used.
3as stated in means about the same as as written in.
As stated in the report, costs fell.
Two ways to say it
✗ According to Ali (2019), rainfall rose. — this is not wrong, but it is everyday talk.
✓ According to Ali (2019), rainfall rose. — this is how a writer says it.
Ask yourself: “Who said this, and how would my reader check it?”
Remember
According to — the two words that make a claim checkable.
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